WHAT IS NEUROPSYCHOLOGY?                    

Neuropsychology is the study of the relationship between the brain and human behavior.  A neuropsychologist is a licensed professional specifically trained in how brain functions and systems affect cognitive learning, behavior, and development. Clinical neuropsychologists are trained to assess, diagnose and aid in treatment and rehabilitation of a variety of conditions and situations.

Neuropsychological evaluation is useful for people of all ages who have experienced problems with concentration, thinking or memory.

An evaluation can:

• Identify subtle cognitive difficulties
• Determine which parts of the brain have been affected by injury or disease
• Explain how the results will impact an individual’s everyday life
  

Most importantly, neuropsychological evaluation is the first step toward recovery in situations where various cognitive difficulties, disorders and syndromes are discovered.

WHEN IS NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION HELPFUL?
WHO BENEFITS FROM EVALUATION?

When a patient experiences problems involving concentration, thinking, memory or social skills, it can be an indication of clinically recognized neuropsychological disabilities, disorders and/or syndromes. These can include:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADD/ADHD)
• Learning disabilities / Dyslexia
• Non-verbal learning disabilities
• Auditory / Visual processing disorders
• Speech and language disorders
• Autistic spectrum disorders
• Asperger’s Syndrome
• Traumatic brain injuries
• Cerebro vascular accidents (stroke)
• Psychiatric disorders (examples include anxiety, depression and mood swings)
• Behavioral disorders (conduct disorder, oppositional defiant disorder)
• Developmental delays and mental retardation
• Seizure disorders (epilepsy)
• Tumors of the brain
• Tourette’s syndrome

Neuropsychological evaluation provides diagnostic clarity in situations where these issues may be prevalent. However, diagnosis is not limited to disabilities. Neuropsychological evaluation is also highly effective in revealing giftedness and a variety of learning aptitudes. Therefore, evaluation is also useful for individuals who want a point of reference for their current level of brain functioning, as well as a better understanding of themselves, their personality and their neurocognitive profile. Individuals can use this information to become more effective at work, to improve personal relationships, and to use strengths to compensate for weaknesses.

In either case, the evaluation is discussed at a feedback meeting and is detailed in a written report. The report includes specific, individualized recommendations for treatment that has been shown to be effective in similar cases.

Treatment is possible with the help of existing professionals, such as educators, psychologists and physicians. Your neuropsychologist can introduce these resources and will make referrals when necessary.

  

Adult Neuropsychology 

 

 

WHAT CAN I EXPECT FROM AN ADULT NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL EVALUATION? 

THE INTERVIEW PROCESS

The interview process is the first step in neuropsychological evaluation. It serves to answer questions about a patient’s developmental and medical history, behavior, socialization and any current concerns he or she may have.

SPECIALIZED TESTING

During the testing process, validated instruments (i.e. standardized procedural tests) are used and behavioral observations are interpreted in order to assess a broad range of areas, including:

• General intellectual ability
• Academic achievement
• Social and emotional adjustment
• Personality and mood
• Learning and memory
• Speech and language skills
• Visual-spatial relations
• Gross and fine motor coordination
• Attentional processes
• Executive functions, such as planning, cognitive flexibility, inhibition

A typical adult evaluation involves one to two days (5-10 hours) of focused, one-on-one testing, but this may vary depending upon an individual patient’s needs.

CONSULTATION

With the patient’s permission, the neuropsychologist will consult with other professionals who are familiar with the patient in order to gain the best possible understanding of the patient, as well as his or her specific needs.

INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

Once the neuropsychologist has compiled test results and integrated the raw data with applicable outside consultation, the patient is compared to individuals of similar age and educational level and measured against his or her own aptitudes in other areas.

REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS

The ultimate goal of a neuropsychological report is diagnostic clarity and determination of a treatment plan to best support the patient in question. This is gained through specific and thorough reporting, as well as action-oriented recommendations. Detailed study results and overall summaries serve as informative, useful tools for the patient and outside professionals alike, and provide guidelines for future action.

A treatment plan is then tailored to the patient’s needs. The plan is based upon methods and routines that have proven effective for similar patients. It includes clear, specific steps and resources needed for successful integration and progress measurement.

Neurodirectives will also provide a list of helpful resources, such as books, articles and websites, which pertain to the patient’s unique profile.

REFERRALS TO OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES

Finally, and when necessary, the patient will be referred to other specialists who will gather additional information or provide treatment. Recommendations range from speech pathology for corrective language therapy, psychology for behavioral therapy, psychiatry for medication assessment, or neurology or other medical specialty for additional testing.

 

 

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